Steam-boiler.



Patented Sept. n, I900.

1:. n. mosu zn. STEAM BOILER.

(Application filed Apr. 26, 1894.)

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Patented Sept. II, I900. C. D. MOSHER.

STEAM BOILER.

(Application filed Apr. 25. 1894.)

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STEAM BOILER.

(Application filed Apr. 25, 1894.)

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UNITED STATES CHARLES D. MOSHER,

PATENT OFFICE.

OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

STEAM-BOILER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 657,783, datedSeptember 1 1, 1900.

Application filed April 25, 1894. Serial No. 508,970. (No model.)

To all whom it nzcty concern.-

Be it known that I, CHARLES D. Mosrrna-of the city, county, and State ofNew York, have invented certain new and useful Improvein en ts inBoilers or Steam-Generators,of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to boilers or steamgenerators which comprise asteam-drum,one or more water-drums located below the steamdrum, and aplurality of tubes connecting said drums, the said tubes being exposedto the action of the products of combustion from the fire, so that steamis generated therein and 17s delivered by the tubes to the steam-drum.

The invention has for its object to provide a steam-generator of compactand simple form adapted to be economically constructed and having allits parts so arranged that they can be readily inspected and cleaned andhaving its tubes so arranged that they can be readily replaced in caseof accident and will deliver steam freely to the steam-drum.

The invention also has for its object to enable the products ofcombustion to be applied to the tubes in such manner as that the heatmay be more fully absorbed and utilized than heretofore.

To these ends the invention consists in the improvements which I willnow proceed to describe and claim.

Of the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, Figure1 represents a longitudinal section showing the preferred construction,a generator having my improvements, when used with a brick casing orsetting. Figs. l and 1 represent details here inafter referred to. Fig.2 represents a similar section showing certain additions. Fig. 3represents a partial section on line 3 3 of Fig. 2. Fig.4 representsatransverse section showing my improvements applied to a marine boiler orgenerator.

' In the drawings, a represents the steamdrum, which is located at anelevated point.

1) represents a water-drum located below the steam-drum and paralleltherewith, the two drums being connected by a plurality of tubes 0.

In Fig. 1 I show but one water-drum, While in Fig. 4 I show twowater-drums arranged equidistant from the steam-drum, the latter formbeingpreferable for marine use.

0 A larger number of water-dru ms maybe employed for marine use, ifdesired, each being connected with the steam-drum bya plurality of tubes0. It is very desirable that the tubes be straight, so that they can bereadily inspected and cleaned. It is also desirable for the sake ofcompactness that the water-dru ms be reduced to as small across-sectional area as possible without unduly reducing the number oftubes that can be connected to the wa ter-drums. I have thereforeadopted a form of water-drum which will make practically the wholediameter or width of the drum available for the reception of the tubes,so that the group of tubes may be of practically the same Width as thediameter of the waterdrum,and have provided the steam-d rum withopenings in its upper portion, each opening coinciding with one tube,or, as I prefer, with a group of tubes, so that straight tubes of anydesired length can be put in place and secured to the drums, each tubebeing introduced to place by passing it through an opening in the upperportion of the steam-drum and inserting it in the openings prepared forits reception in the lower portion of the steam-drum and in the upperportion of the water-drum.

In making the water-drum I retain the cylindrical form for the sake ofcompactness and strength so far as possible, the lower portion 2 of thedrum being practically a halt-cylinder, its upper portion 3 beingreduced orgiven a flat or approximately-flat form, so that itconstitutes a face or tube-sheet presenting a tube-receiving surface ofpractically the entire width or diameter of the water-drum.

The water-drum may be made in two sections, as shown in Fig. 1, thetube-sheet portion 3'being permanently attached by rivets to the mainportion,or the said tube-sheet portion may be formed by reducing orflattening one side of a seamless lapwelded tube, the water-drum beingthus given the form shown in Fig. 2.

In making the steam-drum I form a plurality of orifices 5, Fig. 1 in theupper por-.

tion of the drum, each of suflicient size to receive a tube and eachprovided with a plug 6 or other closing device whereby it may be closedsteam-tight. I prefer to'makeeach orifice 5 of such size that a group ofthree or .more tubes may be inserted to place through one orifice, thisarrangement reducing to the minimum the weakening of the drum by theformation of the orifices 5 therein. By so arranging the tttbe receivingorifices in the lower portion of the steam-drum relatively to thetube-admitting orifices 5 that each orifice 5 will coincide with thecenter of a group of three or more tube-receiving orifices three or moretubes can be admitted singly through an orifice 5 but slightly largerthan the diameter of one of the tubes, the lower orifices in thesteam-drum being of such size that the tubes fit them somewhat loosely,so that the tubes can be inclined, as indicated in dotted lines in Fig.2, while they are being admitted or moved to place.

It will be seen that by the described improvementslsecure thefollowingadvantages, namely: first, compactness, due to the reduction orflattening of the upper portions of the water-drums, their form enablingmuch smaller water-drums to be ttsed with a given number of tubes thanwould be possible if the drums were entirely cylindrical; second,convenience of application of the straight tubes to the drums withoutregard to their length, and, third, convenience of removal of a worn ordefective tube wit-bout disturbing the adjacent tubes, this being apoint of great importance.

A furnace or fire-box is arranged in suitable proximity to the tubes, sothat they will be advantageously heated. I prefer to so arrange thetubes relatively to the fire-box and the outlet-passage conducting theproducts of combustion to the stack that the heated gases comingdirectly from the fire will first sweep through the spaces between theupper port-ions of the tubes and will then be deflected and pass betweencooler lower portions of the tubes, so that a considerable portion ofthe heat which was not absorbed by the water and steam in the upperportions of the tubes will be absorbed by the cooler water in the lowerportions of the tubes, thus utilizing to a high degree the thermalefficiency of the fuel. In the construction shown in Fig. 1 this resultis produced by means of a bafiieplate 6, extending upwardly from thebridgewallj at the rear of the fire-boxf, said baffleplate extendingacross the spaces between the tubes, a downwardly-projecting wall orpartition h in the chamber or space above the tubes, and a baffle-plateg, extending downwardly from the partition h across the spaces betweenthe tubes. Said baffle-plates and partitions cause the gases, &c., tosweep first through the spaces between the upper portions of the tubes,where the heat of the contents of the tubes is greatest, and then passdownwardly and again upwardly between lower portions of the tubes, wherethe water is at a lower temperature. 7

In the construction shown in Fig. 4, two water-drums being employed, thefire-box is located between the water-drums and between the two seriesof tubes. The gases,

1 return pipes. pipes shown in Figs. 2 and 3 enables me to &c., passupwardly from the fire box and laterally between the hotter upperportions of the tubes and are then deflect-ed downwardly bybaffle-plates 7s is, which extend from the steam-drum downwardly alongthe outer sides of the groups of tubes nearly to the lower ends of thelatter, as shown in Fig. 4, so that the heat-absorbing surfaces lastencountered by the partially-cooled gases are the cooler portions of thetubes.

When the water-drum is elevated, so that it is subjected to'lateralstrains by the expansion and contraction of the tubes, as in thearrangement shown in Fig. 1, I prefer to provide for the lateralmovement of said water-drum to compensate for such expansion andcontraction. This may be effected by means of an expansion-joint betweenthe drum and its support, the latter being here shown in Fig. 1 as abrick wall so that the drum may yield to said strains without detrimentto its connection with its support. To this end I show the water-drum inFig. 1 provided with rollers m m, resting on a flat surface on thesupport 76, so that the drum may move laterally, as required byexpansion and contraction of the tubes.

In Fig. 1 I show the water-drum supported by slings k composed ofvertical rods attached at their upper ends to fixed supports on thecasing and at their lower ends to the water-drum.

The steam-drum is connected with the water-drum in Fig. 2 by returnwater-pipes or conduits 10, which are preferably constructed to extenddownwardly from the end portions of the steam-drum to points below thegrate and then horizontally to points under the end portions of thewater-drums to which said return-pipes are connected. This arrangementis particularly convenient when a series of boilers are grouped togetherin a battery, the steam-drums being placed end to end, so that there isnot room between their ends for the The arrangement of returnobtainincreased heating-surface and protect the sides of the casing by theemployment of tubes q, rising from the horizontal portions of thereturn-pipes and connected at their upper portions with a horizontaltube or header 7', extending rearwardly from the steam-drum andcommunicating therewith. The tubes q are separated by spaces throughwhich the products of combustion pass. Their upper ends may be bentinwardly and connected with the header 1"; but I prefer to provide eachtube with a cross g at its upper end and connect each cross by a shorthorizontal tube (1' with the header r. The crosses (1 enable access tobe conveniently had to the ends of the tubes q q for the purpose ofexpanding or cleaning the same, the branches of the crosses in line withthe branches att-ached to the said tubes being provided with removablecaps or plugs, which when removed ing tools into the tubes q g. In asingle boiler of this construction the return-pipes may enter the endsor heads of the steam and water drums and pass directly from one drum tothe other, as shown in dotted lines in Fig. 1.

The drums are provided with suitable in anholes and hand-holes andcovers therefor, and the steam-druni will have the usual fittings, suchas gage-glasses, testing-cocks, &c.

When the return-pipes extend in an inclineddirec'tion from thesteam-drum to the water-drum, as shown in Fig. 1, their construction ismade sufficiently elastic to permit the movements of the water-drumcaused by expansion and contraction of the tubes by elbows or curvedportions at the ends of the main portions of the return-pipes, saidelbows being sufficiently flexible to give the water-drum the necessaryfreedom of move ment.

In Fig. 2 I show a bafiie-plate Z0 corre sponding to the baffle-plates kin Fig. 4. Each of said battle-plates k and 71: has a damper 7a, whichmay be opened to promote the draft when first starting the fire, afterwhich said damper may be closed.

I claim- 1. In combination an upper chamber, a pair of lower chambers,groups of tubes connecting the upper with the lower chambers, plugholesin the upper chamber through which the tubes are adapted to pass, andplugs for closing the holes.

2. In combination an upper chamber, a pair of lower chambers, groups oftubes connecting the upper with the lower chambers, a row of plugholesin the upper chamber opposite to each group of tubes, through which the.

tubes are adapted to pass, and plugs for closing the holes.

3. A boiler or steam-generator comprising in its construction acylindrical water-drum, flattened or reduced at its upper portion toform a tube-sheet which is fiat or approximately flat, a series ofstraight tubes extending upwardly from said tube-sheet substantially atright angles with the Water-drum, and a cylindrical steam-drum to thelower part of the cylindrical portion of which the upper ends of saidtubes are attached, said tubes being inserted substantially the entirelength of said drums, said steam-drum being parallel with the water-drumand having in the upper part of its cylindrical portion a plurality ofholes provided with detachable plugs or covers, each hole being oppositea box between the water-drums and between the series of tubes, and abaffle-plate extending downwardly from the steam-drum at the outer sideof each series of tubes, whereby the products of combustion after risingand passing between the inner tubes are diverted downwardly and causedto pass between the cooler or outer tubes, said cooler tubes absorbingheat from the products of combustion just before said products escape tothe stack, as set forth.

5. A boiler or steam-generator comprising in its construction awater-drum, a steamdrum located higher than the water-drum, a pluralityof tubes connecting said drums, a furnace or fire-box at one side of theseries of tubes, an outlet for the products of com bustion at theopposite side of said series, a

baffle-plate extending downwardly from the steam-drum at the oppositeside of the series of tubes from the fire-box whereby the products ofcombustion are caused to first pass upwardly along and between the innertubes of the series and are then guided downwardly along and between theouter tubes of the series, and extensions hinged to said baffleplatesand adapted to be raised and lowered, as set forth.

6. A boiler or steam-generator comprising a steam-drum, a water-dru n1located at a lower pointthan the steam-d ru 111, a series of straighttubes connecting said drums and exposed to the heat from the fire-box,return-pipes connecting the end portions of said drums, a part of eachreturn-pipe being substantially horizontal, and vertical tubes extendingupwardly from the horizontal portions of the returnpipes, and connectedat their upper ends with a horizontal header communicating with thesteam-drum.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification, in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses, this 17th day of April, A. D.1894.

CHARLES D. MOSHER.

Witnesses:

O. F. BROWN, A. D. HARRISON.

